EPA Superfund Program Statistics: Fiscal Year 2025
EPA's own economic-impact tracking for the Superfund program includes a comparison it states directly: over the 15 years from 2011 to 2025, businesses operating at redeveloped Superfund sites generated more than $868 billion in inflation-adjusted sales, more than 38 times the $22.8 billion, inflation-adjusted, EPA has spent cumulatively at those same sites on cleanup. Below are EPA's own published National Priorities List counts, cleanup progress, and program figures for fiscal year 2025, every number sourced to EPA's own remedial accomplishments metrics page.
National Priorities List: where the program stands
The National Priorities List (NPL) is EPA's list of sites of national priority among the known releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants throughout the United States and its territories. As of the end of fiscal year 2025:
| NPL status | Sites |
|---|---|
| Final | 1,343 |
| Deleted | 459 |
| Proposed | 38 |
In fiscal year 2025, EPA placed three sites on the National Priorities List and proposed one more. Source: U.S. EPA, Superfund Remedial Annual Accomplishments Metrics Fiscal Year 2025.
Fiscal year 2025 cleanup progress
| Measure | FY2025 |
|---|---|
| Removal actions completed | 195 |
| Remedial site assessments completed | 553 (cumulative total: 55,630) |
| Remedial construction projects completed | 72 |
| Five-year reviews conducted | 302 (including 32 at federal facility sites) |
Removal actions address contamination posing imminent and substantial threats to human health and the environment. Remedial site assessments determine whether a release warrants further action by EPA or can be referred to another authority.
Long-term protection: human exposure and groundwater
EPA tracks two cumulative safeguards separately from the NPL counts above. In fiscal year 2025, EPA brought human exposures under control at 10 more Superfund sites, bringing the cumulative total to 1,505 sites. EPA also controlled contaminated groundwater migration (through engineered remedies or natural processes) at 9 more sites, a cumulative total of 1,191 sites.
NPL deletions
In fiscal year 2025, EPA deleted one full site and parts of three more sites from the NPL. In total, EPA has deleted 459 sites from the NPL and made 159 partial deletions at 118 NPL sites (some sites have multiple partial deletions).
Program funding
In fiscal year 2025, EPA disbursed or obligated about $268.4 million for site-specific Superfund response-program work from special accounts (funded through potentially responsible party settlements). Cumulatively, as of the end of fiscal year 2025, EPA has disbursed or obligated approximately $6.1 billion for Superfund cleanups from these special accounts.
Reuse and the economics of redeveloped Superfund sites
EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) provided reuse planning assistance at more than 80 Superfund sites in 2025, and 10 sites were made sitewide ready for anticipated use, EPA's term for when all aspects of the cleanup are in place to support reuse.
SRP also tracks the economic activity this reuse supports. It has collected data on more than 10,810 businesses operating at 739 non-federal Superfund sites. In fiscal year 2025 those businesses generated more than $69 billion in sales and employed more than 233,900 people earning a combined $20.7 billion in income. EPA's own multi-year comparison is the figure at the top of this page: over 2011 to 2025, those businesses' ongoing operations generated more than $868 billion in inflation-adjusted sales, more than 38 times the $22.8 billion, inflation-adjusted, EPA has spent cumulatively at those sites on cleanup.
The $868 billion figure covers businesses at 739 non-federal Superfund sites specifically, per EPA's own qualifier. It describes economic activity at redeveloped Superfund sites, not a measure of the private Phase 1 ESA market this site otherwise covers.
What this data does, and doesn't, cover
This is EPA's Superfund program: sites formally listed (or proposed, or deleted) from the National Priorities List under CERCLA, the federal law that drives the innocent-landowner and bona-fide-prospective-purchaser protections a Phase 1 ESA helps establish. It is a different EPA program from the one behind our EPA Brownfields statistics page: Brownfields is EPA grant funding for voluntary assessment and cleanup, typically of lower-risk sites, while Superfund/NPL sites are federally listed for enforcement-driven cleanup. Neither program counts the broader universe of Phase 1 ESAs performed nationally for ordinary commercial real estate transactions; most of those never touch either program. EPA also publishes an interactive, state-by-state NPL site list, but that tool loads its data dynamically and had no static count we could verify by a live fetch this run, so this page does not include a state-level breakdown.
Sources
Every figure on this page traces to one primary source, fetched and verified on 2026-09-15: U.S. EPA, Superfund Remedial Annual Accomplishments Metrics Fiscal Year 2025.
How to cite this page
"EPA Superfund Program Statistics, Fiscal Year 2025," Phase 1 ESA Quotes, https://phase1esaquotes.com/superfund-statistics/, accessed 2026-09-15.